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Set a Goal, Allocate Resources, Don’t Get in the Way: 7 Principles for effective acquisition of C2 support systems
By Mr Johan Nordström, Dr Susanna Nilsson, Mr Jonas Herkevall and Ms Moamia Gideskog
The acquisition of technical command and control support systems (C2 systems) is characterised by high complexity and can be understood as a ‘wicked problem’. Although the systems themselves are technical, their acquisition involves interrelated organisational, human, and technical factors, as well as significant uncertainty. Consequently, understanding of the problem must evolve in parallel with the acquisition process. The objective of this study was to identify principles capable of enhancing the effectiveness and efficiency of C2 system acquisition, which often suffers from budget overruns, delays, and suboptimal outcomes. The study employed an iterative research design. Initially, an exploratory literature survey identified success factors for effective C2 system acquisition, which were synthesised into seven principles. Semi-structured interviews with 14 participants were then conducted to validate, refine, and expand these principles. Finally, a case study involving focus groups, and additional interviews provided insights into the practical application of the principles and their organisational effects. The seven principles for effective and efficient C2 system acquisition derived from this study are: (1) recognition of acquisition as a complex and wicked problem; (2) development of a supportive organisational culture; (3) adoption of goal orientation, a holistic perspective, and tailored processes; (4) implementation of learning-oriented follow-ups; (5) maintenance of competence over time; (6) promotion of collaboration with stakeholders; and (7) management of uncertainty through adaptability. The results of the case study show that these principles were successfully applied at team level, leading to improvements in efficiency and effectiveness. The study also challenges the need for comprehensive early requirements, advocating for evolving requirements that respond to dynamic project conditions.
